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# orm/mapped_collection.py # Copyright (C) 2005-2025 the SQLAlchemy authors and contributors # <see AUTHORS file> # # This module is part of SQLAlchemy and is released under # the MIT License: https://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php from __future__ import annotations import operator from typing import Any from typing import Callable from typing import Dict from typing import Generic from typing import List from typing import Optional from typing import Sequence from typing import Tuple from typing import Type from typing import TYPE_CHECKING from typing import TypeVar from typing import Union from . import base from .collections import collection from .collections import collection_adapter from .. import exc as sa_exc from .. import util from ..sql import coercions from ..sql import expression from ..sql import roles from ..util.langhelpers import Missing from ..util.langhelpers import MissingOr from ..util.typing import Literal if TYPE_CHECKING: from . import AttributeEventToken from . import Mapper from .collections import CollectionAdapter from ..sql.elements import ColumnElement _KT = TypeVar("_KT", bound=Any) _VT = TypeVar("_VT", bound=Any) class _PlainColumnGetter(Generic[_KT]): """Plain column getter, stores collection of Column objects directly. Serializes to a :class:`._SerializableColumnGetterV2` which has more expensive __call__() performance and some rare caveats. """ __slots__ = ("cols", "composite") def __init__(self, cols: Sequence[ColumnElement[_KT]]) -> None: self.cols = cols self.composite = len(cols) > 1 def __reduce__( self, ) -> Tuple[ Type[_SerializableColumnGetterV2[_KT]], Tuple[Sequence[Tuple[Optional[str], Optional[str]]]], ]: return _SerializableColumnGetterV2._reduce_from_cols(self.cols) def _cols(self, mapper: Mapper[_KT]) -> Sequence[ColumnElement[_KT]]: return self.cols def __call__(self, value: _KT) -> MissingOr[Union[_KT, Tuple[_KT, ...]]]: state = base.instance_state(value) m = base._state_mapper(state) key: List[_KT] = [ m._get_state_attr_by_column(state, state.dict, col) for col in self._cols(m) ] if self.composite: return tuple(key) else: obj = key[0] if obj is None: return Missing else: return obj class _SerializableColumnGetterV2(_PlainColumnGetter[_KT]): """Updated serializable getter which deals with multi-table mapped classes. Two extremely unusual cases are not supported. Mappings which have tables across multiple metadata objects, or which are mapped to non-Table selectables linked across inheriting mappers may fail to function here. """ __slots__ = ("colkeys",) def __init__( self, colkeys: Sequence[Tuple[Optional[str], Optional[str]]] ) -> None: self.colkeys = colkeys self.composite = len(colkeys) > 1 def __reduce__( self, ) -> Tuple[ Type[_SerializableColumnGetterV2[_KT]], Tuple[Sequence[Tuple[Optional[str], Optional[str]]]], ]: return self.__class__, (self.colkeys,) @classmethod def _reduce_from_cols(cls, cols: Sequence[ColumnElement[_KT]]) -> Tuple[ Type[_SerializableColumnGetterV2[_KT]], Tuple[Sequence[Tuple[Optional[str], Optional[str]]]], ]: def _table_key(c: ColumnElement[_KT]) -> Optional[str]: if not isinstance(c.table, expression.TableClause): return None else: return c.table.key # type: ignore colkeys = [(c.key, _table_key(c)) for c in cols] return _SerializableColumnGetterV2, (colkeys,) def _cols(self, mapper: Mapper[_KT]) -> Sequence[ColumnElement[_KT]]: cols: List[ColumnElement[_KT]] = [] metadata = getattr(mapper.local_table, "metadata", None) for ckey, tkey in self.colkeys: if tkey is None or metadata is None or tkey not in metadata: cols.append(mapper.local_table.c[ckey]) # type: ignore else: cols.append(metadata.tables[tkey].c[ckey]) return cols def column_keyed_dict( mapping_spec: Union[Type[_KT], Callable[[_KT], _VT]], *, ignore_unpopulated_attribute: bool = False, ) -> Type[KeyFuncDict[_KT, _KT]]: """A dictionary-based collection type with column-based keying. .. versionchanged:: 2.0 Renamed :data:`.column_mapped_collection` to :class:`.column_keyed_dict`. Returns a :class:`.KeyFuncDict` factory which will produce new dictionary keys based on the value of a particular :class:`.Column`-mapped attribute on ORM mapped instances to be added to the dictionary. .. note:: the value of the target attribute must be assigned with its value at the time that the object is being added to the dictionary collection. Additionally, changes to the key attribute are **not tracked**, which means the key in the dictionary is not automatically synchronized with the key value on the target object itself. See :ref:`key_collections_mutations` for further details. .. seealso:: :ref:`orm_dictionary_collection` - background on use :param mapping_spec: a :class:`_schema.Column` object that is expected to be mapped by the target mapper to a particular attribute on the mapped class, the value of which on a particular instance is to be used as the key for a new dictionary entry for that instance. :param ignore_unpopulated_attribute: if True, and the mapped attribute indicated by the given :class:`_schema.Column` target attribute on an object is not populated at all, the operation will be silently skipped. By default, an error is raised. .. versionadded:: 2.0 an error is raised by default if the attribute being used for the dictionary key is determined that it was never populated with any value. The :paramref:`_orm.column_keyed_dict.ignore_unpopulated_attribute` parameter may be set which will instead indicate that this condition should be ignored, and the append operation silently skipped. This is in contrast to the behavior of the 1.x series which would erroneously populate the value in the dictionary with an arbitrary key value of ``None``. """ cols = [ coercions.expect(roles.ColumnArgumentRole, q, argname="mapping_spec") for q in util.to_list(mapping_spec) ] keyfunc = _PlainColumnGetter(cols) return _mapped_collection_cls( keyfunc, ignore_unpopulated_attribute=ignore_unpopulated_attribute, ) class _AttrGetter: __slots__ = ("attr_name", "getter") def __init__(self, attr_name: str): self.attr_name = attr_name self.getter = operator.attrgetter(attr_name) def __call__(self, mapped_object: Any) -> Any: obj = self.getter(mapped_object) if obj is None: state = base.instance_state(mapped_object) mp = state.mapper if self.attr_name in mp.attrs: dict_ = state.dict obj = dict_.get(self.attr_name, base.NO_VALUE) if obj is None: return Missing else: return Missing return obj def __reduce__(self) -> Tuple[Type[_AttrGetter], Tuple[str]]: return _AttrGetter, (self.attr_name,) def attribute_keyed_dict( attr_name: str, *, ignore_unpopulated_attribute: bool = False ) -> Type[KeyFuncDict[Any, Any]]: """A dictionary-based collection type with attribute-based keying. .. versionchanged:: 2.0 Renamed :data:`.attribute_mapped_collection` to :func:`.attribute_keyed_dict`. Returns a :class:`.KeyFuncDict` factory which will produce new dictionary keys based on the value of a particular named attribute on ORM mapped instances to be added to the dictionary. .. note:: the value of the target attribute must be assigned with its value at the time that the object is being added to the dictionary collection. Additionally, changes to the key attribute are **not tracked**, which means the key in the dictionary is not automatically synchronized with the key value on the target object itself. See :ref:`key_collections_mutations` for further details. .. seealso:: :ref:`orm_dictionary_collection` - background on use :param attr_name: string name of an ORM-mapped attribute on the mapped class, the value of which on a particular instance is to be used as the key for a new dictionary entry for that instance. :param ignore_unpopulated_attribute: if True, and the target attribute on an object is not populated at all, the operation will be silently skipped. By default, an error is raised. .. versionadded:: 2.0 an error is raised by default if the attribute being used for the dictionary key is determined that it was never populated with any value. The :paramref:`_orm.attribute_keyed_dict.ignore_unpopulated_attribute` parameter may be set which will instead indicate that this condition should be ignored, and the append operation silently skipped. This is in contrast to the behavior of the 1.x series which would erroneously populate the value in the dictionary with an arbitrary key value of ``None``. """ return _mapped_collection_cls( _AttrGetter(attr_name), ignore_unpopulated_attribute=ignore_unpopulated_attribute, ) def keyfunc_mapping( keyfunc: Callable[[Any], Any], *, ignore_unpopulated_attribute: bool = False, ) -> Type[KeyFuncDict[_KT, Any]]: """A dictionary-based collection type with arbitrary keying. .. versionchanged:: 2.0 Renamed :data:`.mapped_collection` to :func:`.keyfunc_mapping`. Returns a :class:`.KeyFuncDict` factory with a keying function generated from keyfunc, a callable that takes an entity and returns a key value. .. note:: the given keyfunc is called only once at the time that the target object is being added to the collection. Changes to the effective value returned by the function are not tracked. .. seealso:: :ref:`orm_dictionary_collection` - background on use :param keyfunc: a callable that will be passed the ORM-mapped instance which should then generate a new key to use in the dictionary. If the value returned is :attr:`.LoaderCallableStatus.NO_VALUE`, an error is raised. :param ignore_unpopulated_attribute: if True, and the callable returns :attr:`.LoaderCallableStatus.NO_VALUE` for a particular instance, the operation will be silently skipped. By default, an error is raised. .. versionadded:: 2.0 an error is raised by default if the callable being used for the dictionary key returns :attr:`.LoaderCallableStatus.NO_VALUE`, which in an ORM attribute context indicates an attribute that was never populated with any value. The :paramref:`_orm.mapped_collection.ignore_unpopulated_attribute` parameter may be set which will instead indicate that this condition should be ignored, and the append operation silently skipped. This is in contrast to the behavior of the 1.x series which would erroneously populate the value in the dictionary with an arbitrary key value of ``None``. """ return _mapped_collection_cls( keyfunc, ignore_unpopulated_attribute=ignore_unpopulated_attribute ) class KeyFuncDict(Dict[_KT, _VT]): """Base for ORM mapped dictionary classes. Extends the ``dict`` type with additional methods needed by SQLAlchemy ORM collection classes. Use of :class:`_orm.KeyFuncDict` is most directly by using the :func:`.attribute_keyed_dict` or :func:`.column_keyed_dict` class factories. :class:`_orm.KeyFuncDict` may also serve as the base for user-defined custom dictionary classes. .. versionchanged:: 2.0 Renamed :class:`.MappedCollection` to :class:`.KeyFuncDict`. .. seealso:: :func:`_orm.attribute_keyed_dict` :func:`_orm.column_keyed_dict` :ref:`orm_dictionary_collection` :ref:`orm_custom_collection` """ def __init__( self, keyfunc: Callable[[Any], Any], *dict_args: Any, ignore_unpopulated_attribute: bool = False, ) -> None: """Create a new collection with keying provided by keyfunc. keyfunc may be any callable that takes an object and returns an object for use as a dictionary key. The keyfunc will be called every time the ORM needs to add a member by value-only (such as when loading instances from the database) or remove a member. The usual cautions about dictionary keying apply- ``keyfunc(object)`` should return the same output for the life of the collection. Keying based on mutable properties can result in unreachable instances "lost" in the collection. """ self.keyfunc = keyfunc self.ignore_unpopulated_attribute = ignore_unpopulated_attribute super().__init__(*dict_args) @classmethod def _unreduce( cls, keyfunc: Callable[[Any], Any], values: Dict[_KT, _KT], adapter: Optional[CollectionAdapter] = None, ) -> "KeyFuncDict[_KT, _KT]": mp: KeyFuncDict[_KT, _KT] = KeyFuncDict(keyfunc) mp.update(values) # note that the adapter sets itself up onto this collection # when its `__setstate__` method is called return mp def __reduce__( self, ) -> Tuple[ Callable[[_KT, _KT], KeyFuncDict[_KT, _KT]], Tuple[Any, Union[Dict[_KT, _KT], Dict[_KT, _KT]], CollectionAdapter], ]: return ( KeyFuncDict._unreduce, ( self.keyfunc, dict(self), collection_adapter(self), ), ) @util.preload_module("sqlalchemy.orm.attributes") def _raise_for_unpopulated( self, value: _KT, initiator: Union[AttributeEventToken, Literal[None, False]] = None, *, warn_only: bool, ) -> None: mapper = base.instance_state(value).mapper attributes = util.preloaded.orm_attributes if not isinstance(initiator, attributes.AttributeEventToken): relationship = "unknown relationship" elif initiator.key in mapper.attrs: relationship = f"{mapper.attrs[initiator.key]}" else: relationship = initiator.key if warn_only: util.warn( f"Attribute keyed dictionary value for " f"attribute '{relationship}' was None; this will raise " "in a future release. " f"To skip this assignment entirely, " f'Set the "ignore_unpopulated_attribute=True" ' f"parameter on the mapped collection factory." ) else: raise sa_exc.InvalidRequestError( "In event triggered from population of " f"attribute '{relationship}' " "(potentially from a backref), " f"can't populate value in KeyFuncDict; " "dictionary key " f"derived from {base.instance_str(value)} is not " f"populated. Ensure appropriate state is set up on " f"the {base.instance_str(value)} object " f"before assigning to the {relationship} attribute. " f"To skip this assignment entirely, " f'Set the "ignore_unpopulated_attribute=True" ' f"parameter on the mapped collection factory." ) @collection.appender # type: ignore[misc] @collection.internally_instrumented # type: ignore[misc] def set( self, value: _KT, _sa_initiator: Union[AttributeEventToken, Literal[None, False]] = None, ) -> None: """Add an item by value, consulting the keyfunc for the key.""" key = self.keyfunc(value) if key is base.NO_VALUE: if not self.ignore_unpopulated_attribute: self._raise_for_unpopulated( value, _sa_initiator, warn_only=False ) else: return elif key is Missing: if not self.ignore_unpopulated_attribute: self._raise_for_unpopulated( value, _sa_initiator, warn_only=True ) key = None else: return self.__setitem__(key, value, _sa_initiator) # type: ignore[call-arg] @collection.remover # type: ignore[misc] @collection.internally_instrumented # type: ignore[misc] def remove( self, value: _KT, _sa_initiator: Union[AttributeEventToken, Literal[None, False]] = None, ) -> None: """Remove an item by value, consulting the keyfunc for the key.""" key = self.keyfunc(value) if key is base.NO_VALUE: if not self.ignore_unpopulated_attribute: self._raise_for_unpopulated( value, _sa_initiator, warn_only=False ) return elif key is Missing: if not self.ignore_unpopulated_attribute: self._raise_for_unpopulated( value, _sa_initiator, warn_only=True ) key = None else: return # Let self[key] raise if key is not in this collection # testlib.pragma exempt:__ne__ if self[key] != value: raise sa_exc.InvalidRequestError( "Can not remove '%s': collection holds '%s' for key '%s'. " "Possible cause: is the KeyFuncDict key function " "based on mutable properties or properties that only obtain " "values after flush?" % (value, self[key], key) ) self.__delitem__(key, _sa_initiator) # type: ignore[call-arg] def _mapped_collection_cls( keyfunc: Callable[[Any], Any], ignore_unpopulated_attribute: bool ) -> Type[KeyFuncDict[_KT, _KT]]: class _MKeyfuncMapped(KeyFuncDict[_KT, _KT]): def __init__(self, *dict_args: Any) -> None: super().__init__( keyfunc, *dict_args, ignore_unpopulated_attribute=ignore_unpopulated_attribute, ) return _MKeyfuncMapped MappedCollection = KeyFuncDict """A synonym for :class:`.KeyFuncDict`. .. versionchanged:: 2.0 Renamed :class:`.MappedCollection` to :class:`.KeyFuncDict`. """ mapped_collection = keyfunc_mapping """A synonym for :func:`_orm.keyfunc_mapping`. .. versionchanged:: 2.0 Renamed :data:`.mapped_collection` to :func:`_orm.keyfunc_mapping` """ attribute_mapped_collection = attribute_keyed_dict """A synonym for :func:`_orm.attribute_keyed_dict`. .. versionchanged:: 2.0 Renamed :data:`.attribute_mapped_collection` to :func:`_orm.attribute_keyed_dict` """ column_mapped_collection = column_keyed_dict """A synonym for :func:`_orm.column_keyed_dict. .. versionchanged:: 2.0 Renamed :func:`.column_mapped_collection` to :func:`_orm.column_keyed_dict` """
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